加密機構
金融機構尽管该国经济增长放缓，泰国仍然是一个吸引人的金融科技目的地。EY在2019年的一份报告预测，泰国将凭借其高度的数字化渗透和年轻的人口结构，成为关键的东盟金融科技中心。
根据Statista的数据，2021年泰国金融科技行业的市值约为376亿泰铢（10亿美元），相比于2019年的143亿泰铢（4.01亿美元）有了显著的增长，并且这个数字还在持续增长。
此外，泰国政府正寻求复制新加坡的创业公司模式，以便为风险资本公司从出售创业公司股份中获得免税资本收益建立一条路径。
然而，那些希望在泰国开展业务的人需要了解该国的反洗钱/了解你的客户（AML/KYC）规定。让我们深入了解一下。
谁受到影响？
根据泰国反洗钱法 B.E. 2542（1999），以下行业必须符合泰国的反洗钱法规：
- 银行
- 电子支付服务业务
- 包括个人贷款业务在内的信贷机构
- 投资交易顾问
- 贵重宝石、钻石、宝石、金或装饰有贵重宝石、钻石、宝石或金的饰品的交易者
- 汽车交易商或汽车租赁服务
- 房地产经纪人或代理
- 古董交易者
- 数字资产业务运营商
值得一提的是，赌场、赌博和游戏活动在该国是被禁止的。
泰国的加密货币状况
泰国银行发布了一份通告，声明加密货币不是合法货币，也就是说，它们不能用来支付服务。然而，根据2018年5月14日生效的关于数字资产业务的皇家法令（’皇家法令’），加密货币和其他数字代币被视为”数字资产”。根据皇家法令，数字资产可以通过数字资产业务运营商发行、交易和兑换。
皇家法令下的数字资产业务被分为三类：
- 数字资产交易所
- 数字资产经纪人
- 数字资产交易商
在泰国运营的数字资产业务应获得泰国证券交易委员会（SEC）推荐的财政部长的批准。反过来，数字资产业务运营商必须符合该国的反洗钱要求。
谁是监管者？
- 泰国银行对金融系统进行一般监督
- 证券交易委员会（SEC）监管证券业务
- 反洗钱办公室（“AMLO”）负责执行与反洗钱和防止恐怖主义融资相关的法律。它在1999年通过反洗钱法，B.E. 2542后成立。
针对金融科技公司的相关法规有哪些？
- 反洗钱法 B.E. 2542（1999年），2022年修订
- 反恐怖主义融资法 B.E. 2559（2016年）
- 金融机构业务法 B.E. 2551（2008年）
- 部长条例 B.E. 2563（2020年）
- 总理办公室通知
- 数字资产业务紧急法令 B.E. 2561（2018年）
- 泰国银行通知第FPG. 6/2565号：关于商业银行的金融业务集团从事与数字资产相关的业务和交易的法规
如何保持合规？
根据反洗钱法，受影响的金融机构和职业应：
- 制定与洗钱相关的客户接受和风险管理政策
- 定期进行客户尽职调查，直到账户关闭或关系终止
- 向监管机构报告可疑活动。
客户尽职调查
对于自然人客户的识别，至少应包括以下信息：
- 全名
- 出生日期
- 个人身份证号
- 如客户的个人身份证或户口登记所示的地址。（如果是外国人，应提供其在泰国的国籍和现址——除非是在泰国没有地址的外国人，应使用其当前地址）
- 其他联系信息，如电话号码或电子邮件地址。
对于法人客户的识别，至少应包括：
- 法人的名称
- 业务的类型和目的
- 地址和电话号码
- 纳税人识别号（如果有的话）
- 每个被授权代表法人签字的人的全名
- 代表的信息：
- 全名
- 出生日期
- 个人身份证号
- 如客户的个人身份证或户口登记所示的地址。（如果是外国人，应提供其在泰国的国籍和现址——除非是在泰国没有地址的外国人，应使用其当前地址）
- 最终被授予代理权的人的签名。
有关更多细节，请参考部长法令 B.E. 2563（2020年）第17条和总理办公室通知，第4条。
除了客户识别和验证，公司还必须进行：
- 持续监控
- 制裁筛查
- 不良媒体检查
- 记录保存。
记录保存
根据反洗钱法，受影响的金融机构和职业必须以以下方式保留信息：
- 与客户识别相关的信息应在账户关闭或与客户关系终止之日起五年内保留。
- 与金融交易相关的信息应在交易或事实记录发生之日起五年内保留。
- 与洗钱相关的客户接受政策和风险管理的信息应在账户关闭或关系终止之日起十年内保留。（在有强烈必要的情况下，反洗钱委员会秘书长有权以书面形式指示报告实体在十年期满后的不超过五年的期间内继续保留记录。）
- 记录保存的规则和程序应由反洗钱委员会规定。
罚款是什么？
罚款取决于犯下的罪行和其他情况，可能包括罚款或最长10年的监禁，或两者兼有。
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