监管政策, 韩国

2023年你需要知道的所有关于韩国加密货币和旅行规则法规

Posted on by Aiying

2023年6月30日，韩国金融服务委员会（FSC）通过了一项旨在确保加密货币用户保护、交易透明度和市场纪律的新法案，该法案将于2024年实施。这是政府建立数字资产基础设施和监管框架政策议程的关键步骤。

目前，虚拟资产服务提供商（VASPs）自2021年3月起已经根据韩国的《报告和使用特定金融交易信息法》进行监管。然而，现有法律并未涵盖对不公平交易行为和资产/用户保护的监管。此外，FSC明确指出，该法案并未允许当局更有效地监督和处罚VASPs，以及协助受害者采取救济措施。2023年通过的最新法案旨在填补这些空白。

 

要点：

  • 受影响的对象是谁？
  • 监管机构是谁？
  • 规定是什么？
  • 旅行规则是什么？
  • 韩国加密货币的未来

 

受影响的对象是谁？

必须遵守韩国的加密货币规定的是虚拟资产服务提供商。这包括提供以下服务的实体：

  • 出售或购买虚拟资产
  • 将虚拟资产与其他虚拟资产进行交换
  • 应要求将虚拟资产转移用于购买、交换、存储或管理虚拟资产
  • 存储或管理虚拟资产
  • 作为卖方和交换提供商的中介、调解人或代理人
  • 其他由总统令规定与虚拟资产有关，极可能被用于洗钱和公共恐吓融资的行为

 

监管机构是谁？

金融服务委员会（FSC）是主要的监管机构，负责制定政策。根据2023年的法案，FSC有权监督和检查VASPs，并处以罚款。

另一个重要的机构是韩国金融情报单位（KoFIU），该机构是根据金融交易报告法设立的。KoFIU在金融机构和执法机构之间起到了机构链接的作用。其职责包括接收金融机构的可疑交易报告（STRs），分析这些报告，并将其发送给相应的执法机构。

与韩国人做生意的VASPs必须向KoFIU提交报告，才能在该国进行合法活动（即注册）。

 

规定是什么？

《报告和使用特定金融交易信息法》是主要的法律，规管VASP的活动，包括将VASPs纳入必须遵守反洗钱规定的受监管实体范围内。这意味着所有的VASPs，包括外国的，都必须在开始其业务操作之前，向KoFIU报告其业务活动。

在报告（注册）方面，以下信息应提交给KoFIU：

  • 公司及其代表的名称
  • 总统令规定的事项，例如经营地点和联系信息

如果出现以下任何一种情况，KoFIU的专员可能不会注册VASP：

  • 该实体未能获得信息安全管理系统（ISMS）的认证
  • 该实体不通过可以验证真实姓名的存款和提款账户进行金融交易
  • 在过去五年内因财务相关法规被法院起诉的人开设VASP公司

VASPs应采取总统令规定的措施，如分别管理每个客户的交易详情，以符合报告义务。

VASPs还应遵守反洗钱的要求，包括以下内容：

  • 指定一个反洗钱报告官（MLRO）
  • 制定和执行内部反洗钱政策和程序
  • 进行全公司风险评估
  • 进行客户尽职调查（包括适用的简化尽职调查和增强尽职调查）
  • 进行制裁筛查
  • 进行交易监测
  • 遵守旅行规则
  • 保留记录
  • 报告可疑活动和交易

 

旅行规则是什么？

根据旅行规则，关于交易发起人和受益人，以下信息应由发起VASP发送至受益VASP：

姓名
钱包地址

如果受益VASP或KoFIU要求，发起VASP也可能需要提供以下信息：

客户的居民登记号码或护照号码/外国人登记号码
这些信息应在请求日期后的三个工作日内发送。

 

韩国加密货币的未来

谈谈2023年6月在韩国推出的新规定，预计将在一年后生效。该法案主要针对以下三个领域：

  • 保护虚拟资产
  • 规管虚拟资产市场的不公平贸易行为
  • 金融机构对虚拟资产市场和商业运营者进行监督和处罚的权力

在保护虚拟用户方面，公司必须：

  • “将他们的客户的虚拟资产交易存款与自己的资产分开管理
  • 将客户所有的虚拟资产与他们拥有的虚拟资产分开
  • 实际持有用户委托的各种类型和数量的虚拟资产，同时将一定比例的虚拟资产（由总统令决定）存放在冷钱包中
  • 有一个保险计划或设立储备金，以便在计算机被黑或网络崩溃时承担责任
  • 保存虚拟资产交易记录十五年，以便跟踪和验证交易历史”

在规管不公平贸易方面，VASPs被禁止：

不正当使用未公开的重要信息
操纵市场价格
欺诈性的交易活动（例如，虚假报告，内部疏漏）
进行自我发行的虚拟资产交易
VASPs还必须监测异常活动（例如，价格和交易量的波动）。如果发现此类活动，公司必须立即向金融和调查机构发送报告。

如果VASPs进行了不公平的交易活动，其工作人员将面临至少一年的监禁或至少是非法获利的3-5倍的罚款。所有从这些活动中获得的收益将被政府当局没收。

总的来说，很明显，韩国正在积极制定更全面的虚拟资产服务提供商的法律框架。这些不仅包括上述的变化，还有许多其他规定，如FSC计划允许发行和流通的证券代币，

当新规定生效时，这份材料将会被更新。

Aiying

68 thoughts on “2023年你需要知道的所有关于韩国加密货币和旅行规则法规”

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